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Class 12 · Biology · Chapter 4

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 4, Principles of Inheritance and Variation — 28 pages, 18.3 MB. Read it below or download the PDF.

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What “Principles of Inheritance and Variation” begins with

The work of Mendel and others who followed him gave us an idea of inheritance patterns. However the nature of those ‘factors’ which determine the phenotype was not very clear. As these ‘factors’ represent the genetic basis of inheritance, understanding the structure of genetic material and the structural basis of genotype and phenotype conversion became the focus of attention in biology for the next century.
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How many pages is NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 "Principles of Inheritance and Variation"?

28 pages in the 2026–27 NCERT textbook.

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